Global Survey of External Voting in 214 Countries and Territories —
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Global Survey of External Voting in 214 Countries and Territories
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Out of Country Voting
full text on one page
Topic Index
Global Survey of External Voting in 214 Countries and Territories
*The survey corresponds to May, 2007
Out of Country Voting
Introduction
Context
Overview
Guiding Principles
Comparative Review
Comparative Review of Out of Country Voting
Types of Election to Which External Voting Applies
Persons Eligible to Out of Country Voting
Voting Procedures in Use for External Voting
Political Representation for External Voters
External Voting and Participation
Legal Framework
Legal Framework of Out of Country Voting
The Concept and Provisions of External Voting: Basic Features and Institutional Choices
Three Structural Problems of External Voting
Conclusions of the Legal Framework of Out of Country Voting
Entitlement to Out of Country Voting
Entitlement to Out of Country Voting
Conditions for Entitlement to Vote
Qualification to Stand as a Candidate in Elections
Registration of External Electors
Examples of Qualifications for External Voting
Conclusions of the Entitlement to Out of Country Voting
The Implementation of External Voting
The Implementation of External Voting
Planning of External Voting
Aspects of the Implementation of External Voting
Conclusions of the Implementation of External Voting
Host Country Issues
Host Country Issues
Negotiating with Host Countries
The Roles and Responsibilities of Host Countries
Host Country Agreements
Costs
Conclusions of Host Country Issues
The Political Rights of Refugees and Displaced Persons: Enfranchisement and Participation
The Political Rights of Refugees and Displaced Persons: Enfranchisement and Participation
Obstacles to Refugee Enfranchisement
The Regulatory Framework
Special Political and Logistical Requirements
Conclusions of the Political Rights of Refugees and Displaced Persons
The Political Rights of Migrant Workers and External Voting
The Political Rights of Migrant Workers and External Voting
Awareness of Migrant Workers’ Political Rights
The Challenges of Designing an External Voting Mechanism that Includes Migrant Workers
Alternatives for Design and Implementation
Conclusions of the Political Rights of Migrant Workers and External Voting
Observation of External Voting
Observation of External Voting
Types of Observation and Their Purpose
The Assessment Prior to Observation of External Voting
When Should External Voting be Observed?
External Voting: Controlled and Uncontrolled Environments
Data Collection
The Observation Process: Possibilities and Limitations
Conclusions of Observation of External Voting
”E-voting” and External Voting
”E-voting” and External Voting
Remote E-voting and External Voting
Arguments in Favour of and Against Remote E-voting for External Electors
Some Security Challenges for Remote E-voting and Possible Solutions
Other support through new information and communication technologies
Conclusions of e-voting and external voting
The Cost of External Voting: Some Examples
Annexes
Glossary
Contributors
References and Further Reading
Global Survey of External Voting in 214 Countries and Territories
Case Studies
Botswana: Disappointing Results of External Voting
Afghanistan’s 2004 Presidential Election: External Voting for a Large Displaced Population
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Post-war Trends in External Voting
Brazil: Compulsory Voting and Renewed Interest Among External Voters
Cape Verde: A Large Diaspora and Low Turnout by External Voters
Honduras: A Decision Based on Political Calculations
Colombia: Representation of Emigrants in the Congress
The Dominican Republic: Political Agreement in Response to Demands for the Right to Out of Country Voting
The Cook Islands: Seat for Overseas Voters Abolished
Estonia: More Options for External Voting
Mexico: Safeguarding the Integrity of the Electoral Process
The Marshall Islands: A High Proportion of External Voters
Indonesia: A Long-established System for External Voting at Diplomatic Missions
Mozambique: A System that is too Subjective?
Portugal: Extended Voting Rights and Decreasing Participation
Iraq: A Large Diaspora and Security Concerns
Senegal: A Significant External Electorate
The Philippines: The First Experience of External Voting
Switzerland: External Voting in a Federal State with Direct Democracy
Zimbabwe: Highly Restrictive Provisions
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